CHAPTER 02 · 14 ARTICLES

Nutrients and Supplementation

Vitamins, minerals, trace elements and amino acids—their functions and how they are supplied through food and dietary supplements.

Kale, spinach, orange, pepper and seeds on pale stone.

5 MIN READ

Micronutrients

Biochemical principles, physiological functions and practical intake recommendations

Lentils and wholegrain rice with pumpkin seeds and herbs.

8 MIN READ

Essential Amino Acids

Biochemical principles, physiological functions and intake strategies

Lentils, tofu, quinoa and sesame as plant-based protein sources.

8 MIN READ

Essential Amino Acids

Molecular building blocks of protein synthesis, physiological functions and intake strategies

Edamame, tofu and lentils on a green tray.

7 MIN READ

Human Protein Requirements

Physiological principles, assessment of requirements and evidence-based intake recommendations

Fresh spinach being harvested from a vertical growing system.

6 MIN READ

Micronutrients

Biochemical catalysts, physiological functions and optimisation through controlled crop production

Spinach, lentils, pumpkin seeds, pepper and lemon.

5 MIN READ

Iron Metabolism

Physiological functions, bioavailability and strategies for optimising plant-based iron intake

Seaweed sheets and a small bowl of salt beside leafy vegetables.

6 MIN READ

Iodine Metabolism and Thyroid Physiology

The importance of this essential trace element and innovative intake strategies

Brazil nuts with mushrooms and lentils.

6 MIN READ

Selenium

Key biochemical functions, antioxidant cell protection and the importance of biofortification in controlled crop production

Wholegrain bread, chickpeas, spinach and avocado.

7 MIN READ

Vitamin B Complex

Biochemical functions, deficiency prevention and the role of controlled crop production in micronutrient provision

Natto with chopsticks and fresh herbs.

6 MIN READ

Vitamin K2

Key physiological functions, synergy with vitamin D3 and targeted synthesis through horticultural fermentation

Peas, sunflower seeds, mushrooms, oats and spinach.

9 MIN READ

The Vitamin B Complex

Synergistic metabolic functions, clinical signs of deficiency and strategies for meeting nutritional requirements

Mushrooms and a plain amber glass bottle in warm window light.

8 MIN READ

Vitamin D3

Endogenous synthesis, physiological functions and strategies for preventing widespread deficiency

Fermented soybeans and sauerkraut in a jar.

8 MIN READ

Vitamin K2

Biochemical mechanisms of action, clinical evidence and the importance of fermentation processes for micronutrient provision

An unlabelled amber glass bottle with capsules beside vegetables, nuts and an apple.

9 MIN READ

Dietary Supplements

Regulatory framework, toxicological limits and the priority of the food matrix